Visualizing Large Cyclic Hierarchies in 3D Hyperbolic Space Tamara Munzner Stanford University & Silicon Graphics Large Hierarchies World Wide Web filesytems OO class structures org charts driving example tool for Web site management Euclidean Cone Trees [LINK] exponential number of nodes problem: focus OR context Focus+Context / Distortion Previous Work Information Visualizer: [Mackinlay et al., 1991] [Mackinlay et al., 1994] [Rao and Card, 1994] [Robertson and Mackinlay, 1993] Taxonomy: [Leung and Apperley, 1994] Bifocal Display: [Apperley and Spence, 1981], [Apperley and Spence, 1982], Fisheye Views, Rubber Sheets: [Furnas, 1986] [Bartram et al., 1994] [Bartram et al., 1995] [Poltrock et al., 1986] [Sarkar and Brown, 1994] [Sarkar et al., 1993] [Sheelagh et al., 1995] Hyperbolic Geometry: [Lamping and Rao, 1994] [Lamping et al., 1995] [Munzner and Burchard, 1995] _________________________________________________________________ _Apperley and Spence, 1982_ Apperley, M. and Spence, I. 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In _Proceedings of UIST '95_, pages 217-226. 3D Hyperbolic Space hyperbolic ball projective (Beltrami-Klein) model focus: center undistorted context: entire space is visible objects drawn smaller as they approach sphere at infinity speed: use 4x4 matrix pipeline exponential amount of room tree layout only happens once navigation changes focus Navigation point and click hyperbolic animated "goto" translate to center node select node link just move drag rotate around picked node necessary in 3D free translation nice for power users selected node used as center of rotation/translation Levels of Detail theory infinite amount of room lay out and draw all nodes no visual clutter practice finite rendering power lay out all nodes draw only some contract and expand subtrees [Carriere and Kazman, 1995] Cycles: Beyond DAGs graphs with cycles include WWW Unix filesystems useful to impose tree structure pick node to use as root draw "backlinks" (non-tree links) priorities for main parent node: 1. lowest matching directory (parse URL) 2. highest (closest to root node) in link structure 3. lexicographic ordering Tradeoffs strengths global structure part -> whole relationship large scope weaknesses linear ordering computational expense Augment not Replace integrate with traditional views this application + traditional 2D view shows directory structure + 3D hyperbolic view shows link structure highlight across views find in other view Visual State Display group determines appearance color better than shape color code by group mime type (now) author last changed date number of hits complex boolean queries Future Directions scale huge sites off-site links bigger piece of the internet automating LOD changes animating server logs other application areas filesystems, etc better 3D hyperbolic layout Acknowledgements Ken Kershner, Alan Braverman, Greg Ferguson Paul Burchard, Charlie Gunn, George Francis http://www-graphics.stanford.edu/~munzner/talks/msri this talk http://www-graphics.stanford.edu/papers/webviz Visualizing the Structure of the Web in 3D Hyperbolic Space